Design and characterization of frequency reconfigurable honey bee antenna for cognitive radio application

<span lang="EN-US">In this article, a frequency reconfigurable honey-bee compact microstrip monopole antenna is proposed which fed by line (50 Ω) having the capability of providing dual-band as well triple-band operation in eight distinct modes. By embedding three PIN diodes overs honey bee arms, effective current distribution controlled hence resonant also changed modes real-time. This reason portrayed paper suitable for cognitive radio application. can be used various wireless application such Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, worldwide interoperability microwave access (WiMAX), local area network (WLAN), C-band, and X-band applications. The possesses planner geometry 39×34×0.87 mm<sup>3</sup> printed on substrate flexible FR-4 (lossy) (ε<sub>r</sub>=4.4 tanδ=0.019). exhibits voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR)<2 all 19 frequencies interest perceptible radiation pattern over entire bands with positive gain. CST studio to find out simulated results parameters.</span>